Carbon annual · estimated data
The world's power-sector carbon intensity in 2023
Computed from "Monthly electricity data, Ember" (CC-BY-4.0) · 86 countries · generation-weighted, never averaged
World intensity, 2023
499gCO₂e/kWh
-5 vs 2022
Renewables share
30.6%
29.9% in 2022
Grids under 100g
11
countries ≥1 TWh below 100 gCO₂e/kWh
World intensity through the year
The biggest movers
Countries with full-year data and ≥5 TWh of generation, ranked by the change in their power sector's carbon intensity versus 2022.
Cleaned up fastest
| Country | gCO₂e/kWh | Δ YoY | Ren % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | 400 | -143 | 19.8 |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 647 | -92 | 39.9 |
| North Macedonia | 587 | -89 | 34.1 |
| Belarus | 383 | -88 | 5.4 |
| Poland | 714 | -83 | 26 |
| Portugal | 156 | -74 | 75.4 |
| Serbia | 674 | -69 | 37.3 |
| Romania | 260 | -64 | 49.4 |
Moved the other way
| Country | gCO₂e/kWh | Δ YoY | Ren % |
|---|---|---|---|
| El Salvador | 266 | +93 | 61 |
| Colombia | 200 | +68 | 77 |
| Vietnam | 469 | +63 | 43.3 |
| Bolivia | 560 | +50 | 29.2 |
| Costa Rica | 59 | +29 | 94.9 |
Watch this decade play out on the globe. The terminal's carbon story animates every month since 2015 across the whole planet — measured European zones and Ember-estimated world, honestly labeled.
▶ Play the carbon storySource: "Monthly electricity data, Ember" (CC-BY-4.0), ingested continuously into the Voltcast production database. Intensities are generation-weighted: Σ emissions ÷ Σ generation across all tracked countries — a country average would flatter small clean grids and hide the giants. Monthly statistical data, labeled estimated wherever it appears in our products. Cite as "Voltcast Research, voltcast.com/research/global-carbon-2023".